International Style Design Movement: Form Follows Function in Interior Design History
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Design and art have always been a reflection of the times they exist in. In the early 20th century, a movement emerged that sought to break from the ornate and decorative forms of the past. This movement, known as the International Style design, revolutionized the way we perceive and approach modern design. In this blog post, we will delve into the history of this influential movement and explore its enduring impact on contemporary design, along with the basic elements that define it.
A Glimpse at the History
The International Style design movement began taking shape in Europe during the 1920s, influenced by a group of pioneering architects and designers. It was a direct response to the ideological and political changes that had gripped the world after World War I. With designers and architects fleeing from political unrest or moving to hubs of culture, the most influential designers of the time were crossing international borders. The movement aimed to create a new aesthetic that embraced functionality, simplicity, and the use of modern materials.
Photo by brandon siu on Unsplash
Major Design Elements
Form Follows Function: A key principle of the International Style design movement was the belief that form should follow function. This emphasis on functionality dictated that design should prioritize practicality and logical use. Designers sought to create objects and buildings that eliminated unnecessary ornamentation and focused on serving their intended purpose efficiently.
Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois | Photo by Carol M. Highsmith from the Library of Congress
Clean Lines and Geometry: The International Style was characterized by sleek and pared-down forms. Sharp, clean lines and a preference for geometric shapes became the signature look of the movement. Angular structures and flat roofs were prominent features in architecture, while furniture and objects were stripped down to their essential shapes.
Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois | Photo by Carol M. Highsmith from the Library of Congress
Industrial Materials: Another significant element of the International Style was the use of industrial materials such as glass, steel, and concrete. Designers embraced these materials for their durability, strength, and flexibility. The liberal use of glass provided visual transparency, blurring the boundaries between the interior and exterior spaces, and allowing natural light to flood the interiors.
Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois | Photo from Carol M. Highsmith from the Library of Congress
A Lasting Impression
The International Style design movement had a profound and lasting impact on modern design, influencing multiple domains, including architecture, interior design, furniture design, and even graphic design. Here are some notable ways in which it has shaped the contemporary design landscape:
Functional Architecture: The movement's emphasis on clean lines and functionality continues to shape modern architecture. Buildings and homes designed in the International Style can be seen in major cities worldwide, showcasing its timeless appeal.
Simplicity in Interior Design: The International Style's penchant for simplicity has played a crucial role in interior design. Open floor plans, minimal ornamentation, and neutral color palettes owe their popularity to this movement. The clean, uncluttered aesthetic continues to be celebrated for its calming and elegant effect.
Mies Van Der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavillion | Photo by Pauline Bernard on Unsplash
Modern Furniture Design: Furniture design was fundamentally transformed by the International Style. Iconic pieces created during this period, such as the Barcelona Chair by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, continue to be revered and reproduced today. The focus on clean lines and functional design has become synonymous with contemporary furniture.
Influence on Graphic Design: The International Style also had a profound influence on graphic design. Its minimalist and geometric approach can be seen in modern logos, typography, and advertisements. The movement's principles of simplicity and legibility continue to guide the profession, ensuring effective communication through visual design.
The International Style design movement redefined the boundaries of design, paving the way for the modern aesthetics we see all around us today. Its emphasis on functionality, simplicity, and the use of industrial materials continues to influence and inspire contemporary designers. As we move forward, it is important to appreciate the movement's legacy and its lasting impact on the world of design, allowing us to create spaces and objects that are not just visually appealing but also practical and timeless.
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